Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1732.
Religion: Anglican (Episcopalian).
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Surveyor, Soldier, Planter.
Married Martha Dandridge Custis.
No Children.
Before becoming President at 57, he was Commander in Chief of American Forces in the Revolutionary War, and President of the Constitutional Convention.
Years in the Presidency: 1789 to 1797.
His Vice President was John Adams.
Washington died in 1799 when he was 67 and was buried in Mount Vernon, Virginia.
During his presidency the French Revolution began; the first ten amendments to the Constitution (the Bill of Rights) were ratified; Vermont, Kentucky and Tennessee were admitted to the Union; Congress established the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) as the nation's permanent capital; and the cotton gin was patented by Eli Whitney.
Born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, in 1735.
Religion: Unitarian.
College Attended: Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Abigail Smith.
Children: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas.
Political Party: Federalist.
Before becoming President at 61, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1797 to 1801.
His Vice President was Thomas Jefferson.
Adams died in 1826 when he was 90 and was buried at the First Unitarian Church in Quincy, Massachusetts.
During his presidency the first cast-iron plow was patented by Charles Newbold; disputes between the United States and France led to an undeclared naval war between the two nations and the creation of the Navy Department; the U.S. Marine Corps was established as a permanent service by Congress; the Mississippi Territory, including what is now Mississippi and Alabama, was created; the Indiana Territory, including all or parts of present-day Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota, was created; and the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.
Born in Shadwell, Albemarle County, Virginia, in 1743.
Religion: Christian (no specific denomination).
College Attended: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
Occupation: Lawyer, Planter.
Married Martha Wayles Skelton.
Children: Martha, Mary (the only children to live to maturity).
Political Party: Republican (also known as Democratic-Republican).
Before becoming President at 57, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1801 to 1809.
His Vice President in the first term was Aaron Burr, in the second George Clinton.
Jefferson died in 1826 when he was 83 and is buried at Monticello, near Charlottesville, Virginia.
During his presidency Tripoli, one of the Barbary States of North Africa, declared war on the United States, setting off the Tripolitan War, which was fought mainly at sea; the United States Military Academy was opened; Ohio was admitted to the Union; the Louisiana Territory was purchased from France, doubling the size of the United States; the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution, clarifying presidential elections, was ratified; the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark reached the Pacific Ocean; and the first practical steamboat, Robert Fulton's "Clermont," traveled up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany.
Born in Port Conway, Virginia, in 1751.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), Princeton, New Jersey.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Dolley Payne Todd
No children.
Political Party: Democratic-Republican.
Before becoming President at 57, he was Secretary of State.
Years in the Presidency: 1809 to 1817.
His Vice President in the first term was George Clinton, in the second Elbridge Gerry.
Madison died in 1836 when he was 85 and is buried in Montpelier, Virginia.
During his presidency Louisiana and Indiana were admitted to the Union; single-ship naval battles were a feature of the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain; Francis Scott Key wrote the words for what became "The Star-Spangled Banner"; in Europe an Allied victory against the French at the Battle of Waterloo marked the final defeat of Napoleon I; and the stethoscope was invented by the French physician René Laënnec.
Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia (did not graduate).
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Elizabeth Kortright.
Children: Eliza, James Spence (died in infancy), Maria Hester.
Political Party: Democratic-Republican.
Before becoming President at 58, he was Secretary of State and Secretary of War.
Years in the Presidency: 1817 to 1825.
His Vice President was Daniel D. Tompkins.
Monroe died in 1831 when he was 73 and was buried in New York City. In 1858 his remains were moved to Richmond, Virginia.
During his presidency construction was begun on the Erie Canal; Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine and Missouri were admitted to the Union; Florida was purchased from Spain; the U.S. ship "Savannah" became the first steam-powered vessel to cross the Atlantic Ocean; the first public high school opened in Boston, Massachusetts; the Monroe Doctrine was proclaimed, and the African nation of Liberia adopted its present name and renamed its capital Monrovia in Monroe's honor.
Born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, in 1767.
Religion: Unitarian.
College Attended: Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Louisa Catherine Johnson.
Children: George, John, Charles Francis, Louisa Catherine.
Political Party: Federalist, Democratic-Republican (National Republican), Whig.
Before becoming President at 57, he was Secretary of State.
Years in the Presidency: 1825 to 1829.
His Vice President was John C. Calhoun.
Adams died in 1848 when he was 80 and is buried in Quincy, Massachusetts.
During his presidency the cornerstone of the Bunker Hill Monument was laid, commemorating the famous Revolutionary War battle; the Erie Canal was opened; the first iron vessel, built of sheet iron, in the United States, the steamboat "Codorus," was tested on the Susquehanna River; construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the first commercial passenger and freight railroad in the United States, was begun.
Born in Waxhaw settlement, South Carolina, in 1767.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Lawyer, Planter, Soldier.
Married Rachel Donelson Robards.
No children.
Political Party: Democratic-Republican.
Before becoming President at 61, he was a Congressman, Senator, Judge, and Governor of Florida.
Years in the Presidency: 1829 to 1837.
His Vice President for the first term was John C. Calhoun, for the second Martin Van Buren.
Jackson died in 1845 when he was 78 and is buried in The Hermitage, Nashville, Tennessee.
During his presidency the first locomotive for railroad use, the "Stourbridge Lion," had its trial run in the United States in Pennsylvania; the national nominating convention was first used to choose a presidential candidate; the first practical mechanical reaper for harvesting grain was patented by Cyrus McCormick; Texas declared its independence from Mexico; the Battle of the Alamo was fought; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted to the Union; and Congress established the Wisconsin Territory.
Born in Kinderhook, New York, in 1782.
Religion: Dutch Reformed.
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Hannah Hoes.
Children: Abraham, John, Martin, Smith.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 54, he was a U.S. Senator, Governor of New York, Secretary of State, and Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1837 to 1841.
His Vice President was Richard M. Johnson.
Van Buren died in 1862 when he was 79 and is buried in Kinderhook, New York.
During his presidency the Panic of 1837 began with the collapse of businesses and the large-scale failure of banks; Queen Victoria came to the throne of the United Kingdom, beginning a 63-year reign; Louis Daguerre of France demonstrated the daguerrotype, the first popular method of photography; Charles Goodyear discovered the process for vulcanizing rubber; the independent treasury system was established; and Samuel Morse patented the telegraph.
Born on the Berkeley Plantation, Charles City County, Virginia, in 1773.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: Hampden-Sidney College, Virginia (did not graduate).
Occupation: Soldier.
Married Anna Symmes.
Children: Elizabeth, John Cleves, Lucy, William Henry, John Scott, Benjamin, Mary, Carter, Anna, James.
Political Party: Whig.
Before becoming President at 68, he was a Soldier, Territorial Governor, Congressman, Senator, and Diplomat.
Term of Office: March 4 to April 4, 1841 (died in office).
His Vice President was John Tyler.
Harrison died in 1841 when he was 68 and is buried in North Bend, Ohio.
His last words were: "I wish you to understand the true principles of government. I wish them carried out. I ask nothing more."
Born in Charles City County, Virginia, in 1790.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Letitia Christian (died in 1842), and Julia Gardiner.
Children: Eight by Letitia Tyler, and seven by Julia Tyler.
Political Party: Whig (originally Democratic).
Before becoming President at 51, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1841 to 1845 (succeeding William Henry Harrison on April 6, 1841, after Harrison's death in office).
He had no Vice President.
Tyler died in 1862 when he was 71 and is buried in Richmond, Virginia.
During his presidency the Webster-Ashburton Treaty with Great Britain was signed, settling the disputed boundary between Maine and Canada; Dr. Crawford W. Long of Georgia used ether anesthesia in surgery; the first message by telegraph was sent by Samuel F.B. Morse in Washington, D.C., to Alfred Vail in Baltimore, Maryland (the message was "What hath God wrought!"); Congress approved the annexation of Texas; and Florida joined the Union.
Born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, in 1795.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Sarah Childress.
No children.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 49, he was a U.S. Congressman, and Governor of Tennessee.
Years in the Presidency: 1845 to 1849.
His Vice President was George M. Dallas.
Polk died in 1849 when he was 53 and was buried at Polk Place, Nashville, Tennessee. In 1893 his remains were moved to the state capitol grounds in Nashville.
During his presidency the U.S. Naval Academy was opened at Annapolis, Maryland; Texas, Iowa and Wisconsin were admitted to the Union; Elias Howe patented his sewing machine; the Mexican War was fought; treaty with Britain established the Oregon boundary at the 49th parallel; gold was discovered in California, setting off the great gold rush of 1849; the Territory including present-day California, Nevada, Utah and most of Arizona and New Mexico was acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; and the Department of the Interior was created.
Born near Barboursville, Orange County, Virginia, in 1784.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Soldier.
Married Margaret Mackall Smith.
Children: Anne, Sarah, Octavia, Margaret, Mary, Richard.
Political Party: Whig.
Before becoming President at 64, he was a Soldier.
Years in the Presidency: 1849 to 1850 (died in office on July 9, 1850).
His Vice President was Millard Fillmore.
Taylor died in 1850 when he was 65 and is buried in Springfield, Kentucky.
During his presidency Thomas Ewing was appointed as the first Secretary of the Interior; the great California Gold Rush brought tens of thousands of gold prospectors, called forty-niners, into California; and Congress heatedly debated measures intended to prevent a split in the Union between North and South over the issue of slavery in the western territories of the United States.
Born in Locke, New York, in 1800.
Religion: Unitarian.
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Abigail Powers (died in 1853), and Caroline Carmichael McIntosh.
Children: Millard Powers and Mary Abigail (by Abigail Fillmore).
Political Party: Whig.
Before becoming President at 50, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1850 to 1853, succeeding Zachary Taylor on July 10, 1850, after Taylor's death in office.
He had no Vice President.
Fillmore died in 1874 when he was 74 and is buried in Buffalo, New York.
During his presidency California was admitted to the Union; the clipper ship "Flying Cloud" made what was then a record passage of 89 days from New York to San Francisco, around the coast of South America; the first sewing machine equipped with a rocking treadle or double treadle was patented by Isaac B. Singer; the first cartoon depicting Uncle Sam as the symbol of the United States was published; the first practical fire engine was invented by Alexander B. Latta in Cincinnati, Ohio; and Washington territory was created out of northern Oregon.
Born in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, in 1804.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Jane Means Appleton.
Children: Franklin (died soon after birth), Frank Robert, Benjamin.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 48, he was a U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator.
Years in the Presidency: 1853 to 1857.
His Vice President was William R.D. King (died in 1853).
Pierce died in 1869 when he was 64 and is buried in the Old North Cemetery, Concord, New Hampshire.
During his presidency the Gadsden Purchase, negotiated with Mexico, gave the United States additional territory in what is now Arizona and New Mexico; Commodore Matthew C. Perry's second expedition to Japan resulted in the Treaty of Kanagawa, which helped open Japan to Western trade; Congress enacted the Kansas-Nebraska Act; the Republican Party was founded, and its first presidential candidate (1856) was John C. Fremont; and the Bessemer process for converting iron into steel was patented in England by Henry Bessemer.
Born in Cove Gap, Pennsylvania, in 1868.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Occupation: Lawyer.
He was not married.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 65, he was the Minister to Great Britain.
Years in the Presidency: 1857 to 1861.
His Vice President was John C. Breckinridge.
Buchanan died in 1868 when he was 77 and is buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
During his presidency Minnesota, Oregon and Kansas became states; the first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid between Newfoundland and Ireland; John Brown, attempting to start a slave rebellion, attacked the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), and was hanged; the Pony Express was established to carry mail from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California; the first Japanese delegation arrived in the United States; and South Carolina seceded from the Union, followed by other Southern states that together formed the Confederate States of America.
Born near Hodgenville, Kentucky, in 1809.
Religion: Christian (no specific denomination).
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Mary Todd.
Children: Robert, Edward, William, Thomas (Tad).
Political Party: Whig, Republican.
Before becoming President at 52, he was a Congressman.
Years in the Presidency: 1861 to 1865 (assassinated in office and died on April 15).
His Vice President for the first term was Hannibal Hamlin, for the second Andrew Johnson.
Lincoln died in 1865 when he was 56 and is buried in Springfield, Illinois.
During his presidency the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, marked the first hostilities of the Civil War; the Department of Agriculture was created by Congress; the Homestead Act helped open up the West by offering free land to settlers; the Morrill Act provided for the establishment of land-grant colleges; the Emancipation Proclamation was the first great step toward the abolition of slavery; West Virginia and Nevada became states; and General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.
Born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808.
Religion: Christian (no denomination).
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Tailor.
Married Eliza McCardle.
Children: Martha, Charles, Mary, Robert, Andrew.
Political Party: Democratic; Republican (National Union) during Civil War.
Before becoming President at 56, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1865 to 1869, succeeding Abraham Lincoln on April 15, 1865, after Lincoln's assassination.
He had no Vice President.
Johnson died in 1875 when he was 66 and is buried in Greenville, Tennessee.
During his presidency the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery, was ratified; Nebraska was admitted to the Union; Alaska was purchased from Russia for $7.2 million; dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel of Sweden; the Dominion of Canada was established; the first practical typewriter was developed by Christopher Sholes; and the U.S. House of Representatives voted to impeach the president, who was subsequently acquitted by the U.S. Senate.
Born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, in 1822.
Religion: Methodist.
College Attended: U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York.
Occupation: Soldier.
Married Julia Dent.
Children: Frederick Dent, Ulysses Simpson, Ellen Wrenshall, Jesse Root.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 46, he was a Soldier.
Years in the Presidency: 1869 to 1877.
His Vice President for the first term was Schuyler Colfax, for the second Henry Wilson (died in 1875).
Grant died in 1885 when he was 63 and is buried in Grant's Tomb, New York City.
During his presidency the first U.S. transcontinental railroad system was completed; the air brake for railroad cars was patented by George Westinghouse; the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting the denial of voting rights because of race, color, or previous condition of slavery, was ratified; the Department of Justice was created; the telephone was developed by Alexander Graham Bell; and Colorado was admitted to the Union.
Born in Delaware, Ohio, in 1822.
Religion: Methodist.
College Attended: Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Lucy Ware Webb.
Children: Birchard, James, Rutherford, Joseph, George, Fanny, Scott, Manning.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 54, he was a U.S. Congressman and Governor of Ohio.
Years in the Presidency: 1877 to 1881.
His Vice President was William A. Wheeler.
Hayes died in 1893 when he was 70 and is buried in Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio.
During his presidency the last federal troops were withdrawn from the South, ending the Reconstruction period; the first telephone switchboard was installed, in Boston, Massachusetts; Thomas Alva Edison patented his phonograph; electric arc streetlights were used for the first time, in Cleveland, Ohio; Edison developed the first practical incandescent lamp; the first patent for a cash register was obtained; New York became the first U.S. city to exceed one million in population; and the first electric company, the Edison Electric Illuminating Company, was incorporated.
Born in Orange, Ohio, in 1831.
Religion: Disciples of Christ.
Colleges Attended: Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (now Hiram College), Hiram, Ohio, and Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts.
Occupation: Teacher.
Married Lucretia Rudolph.
Children: Eliza (died in 1863), Harry, James, Mary (Molly), Irvin, Abram, Edward (died in 1876).
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 49, he was a U.S. Congressman.
Term of Office: March 4 to September 19, 1881 (died in office after being shot by Charles Guiteau).
His Vice President was Chester A. Arthur.
Garfield died in 1881 when he was 49 and is buried in Cleveland, Ohio.
During his presidency the Party was greatly divided.
Born in Fairfield, Vermont, in 1829.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: Union College, Schenectady, New York.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Ellen Lewis Herndon.
Children: William, Chester, Ellen.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 50, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1881 to 1885.
He had no Vice President.
Arthur died in 1886 when he was 56 and is buried in Albany, New York.
During his presidency the U.S. Senate ratified the Geneva (or Red Cross) Convention of 1864; Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which established the U.S. Civil Service Commission; the Brooklyn Bridge was completed, at the time the world's longest bridge; construction of the first building known as a skyscraper, the 10-story Home Insurance Building, was begun in Chicago; the Linotype, the first practical typesetting machine, was patented by Ottmar Mergenthaler; and the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., was dedicated.
Born in Caldwell, New Jersey, in 1837.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Frances Folsom.
Children: Ruth, Esther, Marion, Richard, Francis.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 47, he was the Governor of New York.
Years in the Presidency: 1885 to 1889 (and again in 1893 to 1897).
His Vice President was Thomas A. Hendricks (died in 1885).
Cleveland died in 1908 when he was 71 and is buried in Princeton, New Jersey.
During his presidency the Statue of Liberty was dedicated; the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was organized; the Interstate Commerce Act was adopted by Congress to regulate the nation's growing railroads; George Eastman introduced the Kodak hand-held, roll-film box camera; and the Department of Agriculture was made a cabinet-level office.
Born in North Bend, Ohio, in 1833.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Caroline Lavinia Scott (died in 1892), and Mary Scott Lord Dimmick.
Children: Russell and Mary (by first wife), Elizabeth.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 55, he was a U.S. Senator.
Years in the Presidency: 1889 to 1893.
His Vice President was Levi Morton.
Harrison died in 1901 when he was 67 and is buried in Indianapolis, Indiana.
During his presidency the Eiffel Tower, then the world's tallest structure, was dedicated at the French International Exposition of 1889 in Paris; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho and Wyoming became states; Wyoming was the first state to grant women the right to vote; the first Pan-American Conference was held in Washington, D.C.; basketball was invented by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts; and the diesel engine was patented in Germany by Rudolf Diesel.
Born in Caldwell, New Jersey, in 1837.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: None.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Frances Folsom.
Children: Ruth, Esther, Marion, Richard, Francis.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 47, he was the Governor of New York.
Years in the Presidency: 1893 to 1897 (having also served as President from 1885 to 1889).
His Vice President was Adlai E. Stevenson.
Cleveland died in 1908 when he was 71 and is buried in Princeton, New Jersey.
During his presidency gold was discovered in the Klondike region of Alaska; Henry Ford built his first gasoline-powered automobile in Detroit; and Utah became a state.
Born in Niles, Ohio, in 1843.
Religion: Methodist.
College Attended: Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Ida Saxton.
Children: Katherine, Ida (both died in infancy).
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 54, he was the Governor of Ohio.
Years in the Presidency: 1897 to 1901 (died in office after being shot).
His Vice President in the first term was Garret A. Hobart (died in 1899), in the second Theodore Roosevelt.
McKinley died in 190l when he was 58 and is buried in Canton, Ohio.
During his presidency the Spanish-American War broke out after the battleship USS "Maine" was blown up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba; Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines became territories of the United States as a result of the U.S. victory in the war; U.S. Marines took part in an international expedition to relieve the foreign legations in Peking, China, during the Boxer Rebellion; Dr. Walter Reed, working in Cuba, discovered that yellow fever is transmitted by a type of mosquito; and the U.S. Navy's first submarine, the "Holland," was commissioned.
Born in New York City in 1858.
Religion: Dutch Reformed.
College Attended: Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Occupation: Cattle Rancher, Writer, Public Official.
Married Alice Hathaway Lee (died in 1884), and Edith Kermit Carow.
Children: Alice Lee (by Alice Roosevelt), Theodore, Jr., Kermit, Ethel, Archibald, Quentin.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 42, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1901 to 1909.
His Vice President was Charles Warren Fairbanks.
Roosevelt died in 1919 when he was 60 and is buried in Oyster Bay, New York.
During his presidency the Department of Labor and Commerce (later separate departments) was created as a cabinet post; the United States recognized the independence of Panama from Colombia; Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first successful airplane flights in a powered, controllable, heavier-than-air craft at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina; construction of the Panama Canal was begun; the president's role as a mediator in the Russo-Japanese War won him the Nobel peace prize; much of San Francisco was destroyed by an earthquake and fire; and Oklahoma became a state.
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1857.
Religion: Unitarian.
College Attended: Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Helen Herron.
Children: Robert, Helen, Charles.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 51, he was the Secretary of War.
Years in the Presidency: 1909 to 1913.
His Vice President was James S. Sherman.
Taft died in 1930 when he was 72 and is buried in the Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
During his presidency Robert Peary of the United States led the first successful expedition to the North Pole; the Boy Scouts of America was organized; Roald Amundsen of Norway reached the South Pole; the British passenger liner "Titanic," then the world's largest ship, sank after hitting an iceberg; New Mexico and Arizona became states; and the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, giving Congress the power to tax incomes.
Born in Staunton, Virginia, in 1856.
Religion: Presbyterian.
Colleges Attended: College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), and Johns Hopkins University, Ph.D.
Occupation: Teacher, University President.
Married Ellen Louise Axson (died in 1914), and Edith Bolling Galt.
Children: Margaret, Jessie, Eleanor (all by Ellen Wilson).
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 56, he was the Governor of New Jersey.
Years in the Presidency: 1913 to 1921.
His Vice President was Thomas Riley Marshall.
Wilson died in 1924 when he was 67 and is buried at the National Cathedral, Washington, D.C.
During his presidency the 17th Amendment to the Constitution, providing for popular election of U.S. senators, was ratified; World War I broke out in Europe; the U.S. Virgin Islands were purchased from Denmark for $25 million; units of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) arrived in France, after the U.S. entered the war against the Central Powers; the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, was ratified; the 19th Amendment, giving women the vote, was ratified; and the first transcontinental airmail flight, from San Francisco to New York, took place.
Born in Corsica (now Blooming Grove), Ohio, in 1865.
Religion: Baptist.
College Attended: Ohio Central College, Iberia, Ohio.
Occupation: Newspaper Editor and Publisher.
Married Florence Kling DeWolfe.
No children.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 55, he was a U.S. Senator.
Years in the Presidency: 1921 to 1923 (he died in office on August 2, 1923).
His Vice President was Calvin Coolidge.
Harding died in 1923 when he was 57 and is buried in Marion, Ohio.
During his presidency the Washington Conference on disarmament was held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to reduce international naval armaments; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was dedicated at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia; the Immigration Quota Act drastically limited immigration to the United States; the U.S. Bureau of the Budget was created by Congress; the Lincoln Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C.; the first transcontinental nonstop airplane flight was made, from Roosevelt Field, New York, to Coronado Beach, California; the distance of 2,700 miles was flown in 26 hours and 50 minutes; and the first neon-tube electric advertising sign was installed in New York City.
Born in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, in 1872.
Religion: Congregationalist.
College Attended: Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Grace Goodhue.
Children: John, Calvin.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 51, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1923 to 1929.
His Vice President was Charles G. Dawes.
Coolidge died in 1933 when he was 60 and is buried in Plymouth Notch, Vermont.
During his presidency the first diesel electric locomotive was placed in service; the first airplane flight over the North Pole was claimed by Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett; U.S. Marines were sent to Nicaragua during a crisis to help stabilize its government; the first feature-length "talking" movie, "The Jazz Singer," was produced; Charles Lindbergh made the first solo nonstop airplane flight across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York to Paris, in the "Spirit of St. Louis"; and the Kellogg-Briand Pact, a U.S. and French plan to prevent war, was signed by 15 nations.
Born in West Branch, Iowa, in 1874.
Religion: Society of Friends (Quakers).
College Attended: Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Occupation: Mining Engineer.
Married Lou Henry.
Children: Herbert, Jr., Allan.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 54, he was the Secretary of Commerce.
Years in the Presidency: 1929 to 1933.
His Vice President was Charles Curtis.
Hoover died in 1964 when he was 90 and is buried in West Branch, Iowa.
During his presidency the stock market crash of 1929 brought on the Great Depression of the 1930's; Admiral Richard Byrd and three companions made the first airplane flight over the South Pole; construction of Boulder (later Hoover) Dam was begun; the planet Pluto was discovered; the Empire State Building, then the world's tallest building, was completed in New York City; and the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, establishing the present dates for the beginning of the presidential and congressional terms of office, was ratified.
Born in Hyde Park, New York, in 1882.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: Harvard College.
Occupation: Lawyer, Public Official.
Married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt.
Children: Anna, James, Franklin (died in 1909), Elliott, Franklin, Jr., John.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 51, he was the Governor of New York.
Years in the Presidency: 1933 to 1945.
His Vice President in the first and second terms was John Nance Garner, in the third term Henry A. Wallace, in the fourth term Harry S. Truman.
Roosevelt died in 1945 when he was 63 and is buried at Hyde Park, New York.
During his presidency the National Recovery Administration (NRA), symbolized by a blue eagle, was created as one of the early New Deal programs to combat the Great Depression; the 20th Amendment to the Constitution (the "lame duck" amendment), establishing new beginning dates for terms of office for the president and Congress, went into effect; the 21st Amendment, which repealed the 18th (or Prohibition) Amendment, was ratified; Germany's invasion of Poland set off World War II; the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1941 brought the United States into the war.
Born in Lamar, Missouri, in 1884.
Religion: Baptist.
Occupation: Farmer, Businessman, Public Official.
Married Elizabeth Virginia (Bess) Wallace.
Child: Mary Margaret
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 60, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1945 to 1953, succeeding to the presidency on the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945.
His Vice President was Alben W. Barkley.
Truman died in 1972 when he was 88 and is buried in Independence, Missouri.
During his presidency the surrender of Germany ended the fighting in Europe in World War II; the United Nations charter was signed in San Francisco; the first atomic bomb was detonated in a test at White Sands, near Alamogordo, New Mexico; atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrendered, ending hostilities in World War II; the Philippines gained complete independence from the United States; the Korean War began; the 22nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, limiting the president to two four-year terms of office; and permanent headquarters of the United Nations were established in New York City.
Born in Denison, Texas, in 1890.
Religion: Presbyterian.
College Attended: U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
Occupation: Army Officer.
Married Mary ("Mamie") Geneva Doud.
Child: John.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 62, he was the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces.
Years in the Presidency: 1953 to 1961.
His Vice President was Richard M. Nixon.
Eisenhower died in 1969 when he was 78 and is buried in Abilene, Kansas.
During his presidency a truce agreement was signed ending the fighting in the Korean War; the first nuclear-powered submarine, the U.S.S. "Nautilus," was launched; the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional; the Salk polio vaccine, developed by Jonas E. Salk, was declared safe and effective; the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik I, into orbit around the earth; the first U.S. artificial earth satellite, Explorer I, was launched by a Jupiter-C rocket; the St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean, was opened; Alaska and Hawaii became the 49th and 50th states; and the laser was patented.
Born in Brookline, Massachusetts, in 1917.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
College Attended: Harvard College.
Occupation: Naval Officer, Journalist.
Married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier.
Children: Caroline, John, Jr., Patrick (died soon after birth).
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 43, he was a U.S. Senator.
Years in the Presidency: 1961 to 1963 (assassinated in office on November 22, 1963).
His Vice President was Lyndon B. Johnson.
Kennedy died in 1963 when he was 46 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
During his presidency the Peace Corps was established; the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution, giving residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote in presidential elections, was ratified; Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space when he orbited Earth; he was followed by U.S. astronaut John Glenn, Jr.; the U.S. Supreme Court declared school prayers unconstitutional; a U.S. naval blockade of Cuba was proclaimed because of the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles there; protests against segregation in the South led the president to urge passage of strong civil rights legislation; and the U.S. Senate ratified a treaty banning nuclear arms testing in the atmosphere.
Born near Stonewall, Texas, in 1908.
Religion: Disciples of Christ.
College Attended: Southwest Texas State Teachers College.
Occupation: Teacher, Rancher.
Married Claudia Alta (Lady Bird) Taylor.
Children: Lynda Bird, Luci Baines.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 55, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1963 to 1969, succeeding John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, after Kennedy's assassination.
His Vice President was Hubert H. Humphrey.
Johnson died in 1973 when he was 64 and is buried in Johnson City, Texas.
During his presidency, ratification of the 24th Amendment to the Constitution banned poll taxes in federal elections; the president proposed his Great Society program to Congress; the first U.S. combat troops arrived in South Vietnam, enlarging the scope of the Vietnam conflict; Major Edward H. White became the first U.S. astronaut to walk in space; Congress established the Department of Housing and Urban Development; the Department of Transportation was created; the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, dealing with presidential disability, was ratified; and assassinations claimed the lives of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, and Senator Robert F. Kennedy in Los Angeles, California.
Born in Yorba Linda, California, in 1913.
Religion: Quaker.
Colleges Attended: Whittier College, Whittier, California, and Duke University Law School, Durham, North Carolina.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Thelma Catherine (Patricia) Ryan.
Children: Patricia, Julie.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 56, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1969 to 1974 (resigned from office on August 9, 1974).
His Vice President in the first term was Spiro T. Agnew, in the second Gerald R. Ford.
Nixon died in 1994 when he was 81 and is buried in Yorba Linda, California.
During his presidency U.S. "Apollo II" astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin, Jr. made the first manned landing on the moon; protests against the Vietnam War erupted on many U.S. college campuses; Congress established the U.S. Postal Service as an independent government agency; the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that busing could be used to achieve school desegregation; the 26th Amendment to the Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18, was ratified; Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China was the first by a U.S. president; the Vietnam War cease-fire agreement was signed in Paris; and Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign, as a result of the Watergate scandal.
Born in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1913.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: University of Michigan.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Elizabeth (Betty) Bloomer Warren.
Children: Michael, John, Steven, Susan.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 61, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1974 to 1977, succeeding to the presidency on the resignation of Richard M. Nixon, August 9, 1974.
His Vice President was Nelson A. Rockefeller.
Ford died in 2006 when he was 93 and is buried at the Gerald R. Ford Museum, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
During his presidency the trial of former Nixon presidential aides in the Watergate affair began; construction was started on the Alaskan oil pipeline; the government of South Vietnam fell to Communist forces, leading to the emergency evacuation of U.S. personnel and South Vietnamese; the U.S. merchant ship "Mayaguez" was seized by Cambodian naval forces; it was later retaken by U.S. Marines; the first international manned spaceflight was accomplished with the linkup of the U.S. Apollo and the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft; and celebrations marked the bicentennial (200th anniversary) of the United States.
Born in Plains, Georgia, in 1924.
Religion: Baptist.
College Attended: U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.
Occupation: Naval Officer, Farmer, Businessman.
Married Rosalynn Smith.
Children: John, James Earl 3rd, Jeffrey, Amy.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 52, he was the Governor of Georgia.
Years in the Presidency: 1977 to 1981.
His Vice President was Walter F. Mondale.
During his presidency the Department of Energy and the Department of Education were established by Congress; the Senate approved treaties giving Panama eventual control of the Panama Canal; President Carter helped negotiate a peace treaty signed by Israel and Egypt; the United States and the People's Republic of China officially established diplomatic relations; Iranians seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and held Americans hostage for more than 14 months; and the 1980 Olympics in Moscow were boycotted by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Born in Tampico, Illinois, in 1911.
Religion: Christian Church.
College Attended: Eureka College, Eureka, Illinois.
Occupation: Radio Announcer, Actor, Union Official.
Married Jane Wyman (divorced), and Nancy Davis.
Children: Maureen, Michael, Patricia Ann, Ronald Prescott.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 69, he was the Governor of California.
Years in the Presidency: 1981 to 1989.
His Vice President was George Bush.
Reagan died in 2004 when he was 93 and is buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, California.
During his presidency Reagan initiated a ban on aid to international groups performing or counseling on abortion; Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman justice on the U.S. Supreme Court; some 240 U.S. Marines, part of a peacekeeping force in Lebanon, were killed by a terrorist bomb; U.S. troops were sent to Grenada to prevent a Cuban attempt to take over that Caribbean island nation; the space shuttle "Challenger" exploded soon after launching, in the worst disaster of the U.S. space program; President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed an historic treaty banning intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF); and Congress approved a new cabinet post, the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Born in Milton, Massachusetts, in 1924.
Religion: Episcopalian.
College Attended: Yale University.
Occupation: Businessman, Public Official.
Married Barbara Pierce.
Children: George W., John (Jeb), Neil, Marvin, Dorothy, Robin (died in 1953).
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 44, he was Vice President.
Years in the Presidency: 1989 to 1993.
His Vice President was James Danforth (Dan) Quayle.
During his presidency U.S. troops ousted Panama's dictator, General Manuel Noriega; a U.S.-led military alliance, authorized by the United Nations, liberated Kuwait from Iraqi occupation in the Persian Gulf War; the Soviet Union broke apart into 15 independent countries; the United States, Canada and Mexico signed the North American Free Trade Agreement; U.S. Marines were sent to Somalia to ensure that emergency food supplies reached Somalis threatened with starvation; and Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin signed the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (Start II).
Born in Hope, Arkansas, in 1946.
Religion: Baptist.
Colleges Attended: Georgetown University, Oxford University, Yale University Law School.
Occupation: Lawyer, Public Official.
Married Hillary Rodham.
Child: Chelsea.
Political Party: Democratic
Before becoming President at 46, he was the Governor of Arkansas.
Years in the Presidency: 1993 to 200l.
His Vice President was Albert Gore, Jr.
During his presidency U.S. peacekeeping troops were stationed in Haiti; U.S. diplomatic relations were restored with the Communist government of Vietnam; a conference in Dayton, Ohio, produced a peace agreement for Bosnia; under the command of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), U.S. troops and other international forces entered Bosnia to enforce the peace settlement; Scottish scientists achieved the first successful cloning of an adult mammal, a sheep; President Clinton became the second U.S. president to be impeached, then acquitted; NATO celebrated its 50th anniversary with the addition of three new members - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary; NATO allies launched a massive bombing campaign to stop Serbian attacks on ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, Yugoslavia.
Born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1946.
Religion: Methodist.
Colleges Attended: Yale University, Harvard University School of Business Administration.
Occupation: Oil Executive, Major League Baseball Executive, Public Official.
Married Laura Welch.
Children: Barbara, Jenna.
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 54, he was the Governor of Texas.
Years in the Presidency: 2001 to 2009.
His Vice President was Richard B. Cheney.
During his presidency Bush reinstated the ban on aid to international groups performing or counseling on abortion (the ban was initiated by former President Ronald Reagan but was not enforced during the administration of President Bill Clinton); United States airplanes attacked Iraqi radar sites to enforce a “no-fly zone"; terrorists hijacked four commercial jets and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. and the Pennsylvania countryside - the worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor, with fatalities numbering about 3,000; Pennsylvania governor Tom Ridge was assigned to the new cabinet-level post of director of the Office of Homeland Security; the United States began military action in Afghanistan under the code name "Enduring Freedom" in the fight against world terrorism; the Enron Corporation filed for Chapter Eleven bankruptcy protection, the largest bankruptcy case in American history; Bush declared war with Iraq; Massachusetts became the first state to offer marriage licenses to same-sex couples; and former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was hanged in Baghdad, Iraq, after being convicted of crimes against humanity dating back to 1982.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1961.
Religion: Professed Christian (no specific denomination).
Colleges Attended: Occidental College, Punahou Academy, Harvard Law School, Columbia University.
Occupation: Lawyer.
Married Michelle LaVaughn Robinson.
Children: Malia, Sasha.
Political Party: Democratic.
Before becoming President at 47, he was a U.S. Senator.
Years in the Presidency: 2009 to 2017.
His Vice President was Joe Biden.
During his presidency Obama overturned a rule that restricted the amount of federal money that could be used on embryonic stem cell research; he lifted a 22-year-old ban that restricted those with HIV/AIDS from entering the United States; the Hate Crimes Prevention Act became law to help jurisdictions to investigate and prosecute hate crimes more effectively; the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare, became law - the most significant regulatory makeover of the U.S. healthcare system since the 1960's; the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy was repealed, allowing people to openly be gay, lesbian, and bisexual while serving in the U.S. Armed Forces; Osama Bin Laden, the leader of Al-Qaeda, the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the U.S. terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 was killed; Obama announced his support of same-sex marriage; after a shooting at the Sandy Hook elementary school in Connecticut results in the death of 20 children and 6 adults, Obama pledged to fight for gun control legislation; Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan were appointed and confirmed as justices on the U.S. Supreme Court; and the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage.
Born in New York City, New York, in 1946.
Religion: Presbyterian.
Colleges Attended: Fordham University, Bronx, New York, and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Occupation: Real Estate Developer, Television Host/Producer.
Married Ivana Zelníčková (divorced), Marla Maples (divorced), and Melania Knauss.
Children: Donald Jr., Ivanka and Eric (by Ivana), Tiffany (by Marla), Barron (by Melania).
Political Party: Republican.
Before becoming President at 70, he was a Real Estate Developer and Television Host/Producer.
Years in the Presidency: 2017 to present.
His Vice President is Mike Pence.
During his presidency the U.S. initiated a missile strike on a Syrian airbase, in response to a chemical weapons attack in Syria that left at least 86 civilians dead; Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh were appointed as justices on the U.S. Supreme Court; the United States has withdrawn from the Trans-Pacific Partnership; the Mexico City Policy was reinstated, blocking U.S. federal funding for non-governmental organizations that provide abortion counseling or referrals, advocate to decriminalize abortion or expand abortion services.
______
For the complete contents of the Butter Rum Cartoon, click here.
No comments:
Post a Comment